The essential features of autism spectrum disorder are persistent impairments in reciprocal social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities. These symptoms are present from early childhood and limit or impair everyday functioning. Manifestations of the disorder also vary greatly depending on the severity of the autistic condition, developmental level, and chronological age; hence, the term spectrum.
For further information please refer to the DSM-5 online at: www.PsychiatryOnline.org
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Restricted imagination, stereotypical patterns of behaviour and interests.Children with ASD do not develop typical play and interests. Their play is often restricted in interests with limited imagination and creativity and they rarely engage in social or ‘pretend’ play. They may become preoccupied with specific activities and topics of conversation. These may be typical interests but overly intense or not typical for their age such as Thomas the Tank Engine or unusual interests such as street directories, council vehicles, washing machines or phone numbers. Ritualistic patterns in behaviour are frequently observed such as lining up cars in a row, switching lights on and off or an insistence on following a set sequence for example, walking a specific route. Children can become distressed or anxious with small changes to their environment or familiar routines. Some children engage in stereotyped body movements such as hand flapping, finger twisting, flicking and/or toe walking. |
To date there is no known cause. It is generally accepted that a number of causes affecting the developing brain may be responsible. Genetic factors play an important role but the exact influence is yet to be determined.
There is no known cure but students with ASD respond best to programs that incorporate highly structured educational and behavioural strategies designed to meet the specific needs of each individual student.
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